- Hierarchical Relationships
It is quite common for documents to be developed or defined
using a hierarchical model, or tree-like structure. The keywords
listed below may be used within HTML documents to identify the
hierarchical relationship of closely related nodes, such as the
immediate parent, siblings and children. In addition, the TOP
keyword may be used to identify the logical top (or root,
depending on your perspective) of a hierarchical or tree-like
structure.
The entire set of relationships may be used by a user agent to
build a graph of the hierarchical structure(s) of which the
current document is a node.
- TOP
- The ROOT relationship identifies the logical top in the current hierarchy,
or of which the current document is a branch.
- CHILD
- The CHILD relationship identifies a CHILD document within the same hierarchy.
Any document may relate multiple CHILD relationships within the same hierarchy.
- SIBLING
- The SIBLING relationship identifies a sibling document in the current hierarchy.
Any document may relate multiple SIBLING relationships within the same hierarchy.
REL and REV have equivalent meanings for the SIBLING relationship.
- PARENT
- The PARENT relationship identifies a PARENT document within the same hierarchy.
Any document may only relate one PARENT relationship within the same hierarchy.
If the document is a member of multiple hierarchies, it may relate multiple
PARENT relationships.
- COUSIN
- The COUSIN relationship identifies a COUSIN document within an adjacent hierarchy.
The cousin relationship allows the assertion of cross-hierarchy equality
such that, for example, foo(1) and bar(7) could be understood to be cousin
UNIX man pages.
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- Sequence Relationships
Given a set of documents, it is often desirable to
specify a linear sequences to navigate through the set. A book, for
example, is often organized as a linear sequence. With sequence
links in each document, a user agent can step through or gather
an entire book programmatically.
- FIRST
- The FIRST relationship identifies the author-defined start of a sequence
of documents of which the current document is a node. The FIRST relationship
can be used in combination with CHILD and SIBLING relationships to describe
the hierarchy and order of a document. The FIRST relationship can also be used
in combination with relationships to structural elements such as CHAPTER or SECTION.
- NEXT
- The NEXT relationship identifies the next document in an author-defined sequence
of documents, such as a linear book. The NEXT relationship can be used in combination
with CHILD and SIBLING relationships to describe the hierarchy and order of a document.
The NEXT relationship can also be used in combination with relationships to structural
elements such as CHAPTER or SECTION.
- PREV
- PREVIOUS
- The PREVIOUS relationship identifies the previous document in an author-defined sequence
of documents, such as a linear book. The PREVIOUS relationship can be used in combination
with CHILD and SIBLING relationships to describe the hierarchy and order of a document.
- LAST
- The LAST relationship identifies the author-defined end of a sequence
of documents of which the current document is a node. The LAST relationship
can be used in combination with CHILD and SIBLING relationships to describe
the hierarchy and order of a document. The LAST relationship can also be used
in combination with relationships to structural elements such as CHAPTER or SECTION.
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- Publication Relationships
For the purpses of this profile, we consider the following to be
the top-level of the book publishing classification. Clearly, we are
not taking all possible book forms into account. Rather, we hope to
address the needs of 80% of the market.
Book and articles may be singleton publications or monographs.
Books and articles may also themselves be parts of one or more series.
Books and articles are often distributed and named in volumes.
- SERIES
- The SERIES relationship identifies a hypertext link to a series.
- VOL
- VOLUME
- The VOLUME relationship identifies a hypertext link to a volume.
- BOOK
- The BOOK relationship identifies a hypertext link to a book.
- ARTICLE
- The ARTICLE relationship identifies a hypertext link to an article.
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- Front Matter Relationships
Along with legal notices, and navigation and aggregation sections,
the front matter of books and articles typically consists of a title page and
possibly a colophon, abstract, dedication, foreword, introduction and preface.
- FULLTITLE
- The FULLTITLE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a full title. (i.e.
- HALFTITLE
- The HALFTITLE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a half-title.
- ABSTRACT
- The ABSTRACT relationship identifies a hypertext link to an abstract.
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS relationship identifies a hypertext link to acknowledgements.
- DEDICATION
- The DEDICATION relationship identifies a hypertext link to a dedication.
- EPIGRAPH
- The EPIGRAPH relationship identifies a hypertext link to a EPIGRAPH.
- FOREWORD
- The FOREWORD relationship identifies a hypertext link to a foreword.
- INTRO
- INTRODUCTION
- The INTRODUCTION relationship identifies a hypertext link to an introduction.
- PREFACE
- The PREFACE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a preface.
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- Publication Metadata Relationships
There are classes of information which are not intrinsic to a
document, but for which a clear and unambiguous association is
often useful or even necessary. This section defines a small set
of keywords which are related to provenence and production.
- AUTHOR
- The AUTHOR relationship identifies a hypertext link to an author.
- EDITOR
- The EDITOR relationship identifies a hypertext link to an editor.
Usage is expected to be similar to that of the AUTHOR hypertext link.
- CONTRIBUTOR
- The CONTRIBUTOR relationship identifies a hypertext link to a contributor.
Usage is expected to be similar to that of the AUTHOR hypertext link.
- PRODUCER
- The PRODUCER relationship identifies a hypertext link to a producer,
i.e. a person or entity responsible for production.
- PUBLISHER
- The PUBLISHER relationship identifies a hypertext link to a publisher.
- TRANSLATION
- The TRANSLATION relationship specifies a translation of the current
document (or anchor) in the language specified by the HREFLANG attribute value,
and, if specified, from the language indicated by the LANG attribute value.
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- Legal Matter Relationships
There are other classes of information which are not intrinsic to a document,
but for which a clear and unambiguous association is often necessary.
This section defines a small set of keywords which are related to legal notices.
- COPYRIGHT
- The COPYRIGHT relationship identifies a hypertext link to a copyright notice.
- DISCLAIMER
- The DISCLAIMER relationship identifies a hypertext link to a legal disclaimer.
- LICENCE
- The LICENCE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a licence.
- TRADEMARK
- The TRADEMARK relationship identifies a hypertext link to a trademark notice.
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- Aggregation and Navigation Relationships
Most printed books and often other publications contain sections including
a table of contents, a list of figures and so on.
The information contained in these navigational tools
are tyically aggregations of titles and pointers
extrapolated from the source document.
- TOC
- CONTENTS
- The TOC relationship identifies a hypertext link to a table of contents.
- LIST-OF
- The LIST-OF relationship identifies an aggregate hypertext link to a list of:
- ABBREVIATIONS
- The LIST-OF ABBREVIATIONS relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of abbreviations.
- CHARTS
- The LIST-OF CHARTS relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of charts.
- EQUATIONS
- The LIST-OF EQUATIONS relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of equations.
- ERRATA
- The LIST-OF ERRATA relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of errata.
- EXAMPLES
- The LIST-OF EXAMPLES relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of examples.
- FIGURES
- The LIST-OF FIGURES relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of figures.
- The LIST-OF FOOTNOTES relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of figures.
- ILLUSTRATIONS
- The LIST-OF ILLUSTRATIONS relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of illustrations.
- IMAGES
- The LIST-OF IMAGES relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of images.
- NOTES
- The LIST-OF NOTES relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of notes.
- TABLES
- The LIST-OF TABLES relationship identifies a hypertext link to a list of tables.
The LIST-OF relationship is easily extensible.
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- Body Division Relationships
The following represent a set of relationships for
the content of a nominal division of a book's body structure.
- PART
- The PART relationship identifies a hypertext link to a part.
- CHAP
- CHAPTER
- The CHAPTER relationship identifies a hypertext link to a chapter.
Chapters are typically subordinate to parts and books.
- SEC
- SECTION
- The SECTION relationship identifies a hypertext link to a section.
Sections are typically subordinate.
- SUBSEC
- SUBSECTION
- The SUBSECTION relationship identifies a hypertext link to a sub-section.
Sub-sections are typically subordinate to sections.
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- Presentation Block Relationships
The following represents a set of major presentation building blocks of a book or article.
They are sometimes numbered in sequence.
Note that a distinction is made among figures, illustrations and images.
This distinction is not necesarily intrinsic to the target content,
but may be an artifact of business and editorial practices. Typically, figures are
drawings that explicate a process, a chart might be a flow chart,
illustrations can be artistic drawings and images are photographic representations.
We recommend internal consistency.
- TABLE
- The TABLE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a table.
- CHART
- The CHART relationship identifies a hypertext link to a chart.
- EQUATION
- The EQUATION relationship identifies a hypertext link to an equation.
- FIGURE
- The FIGURE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a figure.
- FTNT
- The FOOTNOTE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a footnote.
- ILLUSTRATION
- The ILLUSTRATION relationship identifies a hypertext link to an illustration.
- IMAGE
- The IMAGE relationship identifies a hypertext link to an image.
- LEGEND
- The LEGEND relationship identifies a hypertext link to a legend.
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- Special Paragraph Block Relationships
The following represents a set of major presentation building blocks of a book or article.
They are sometimes numbered in sequence.
- CAUTION
- The CAUTION relationship identifies a hypertext link to a paragraph
which contains information that may affect the safety or security
of the reader. Special formatting may be specified, including the use
of a prefix subheading: "CAUTION".
- NOTE
- The NOTE relationship identifies a hypertext link to a paragraph
which contains note-worthy information. Special formatting may be specified, including the use
of a prefix subheading: "NOTE".
- WARNING
- The WARNING relationship identifies a hypertext link to a paragraph
which contains urgent information that may affect the safety or security
of the reader. Special formatting may be specified, including the use
of a prefix subheading: "WARNING".
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- Editorial Phrase Relationships
In the course of developing content, editorial notes are often kept in the document proper.
Editorial interpolation, corrections, explanations and comments.
- The COMMENT relationship identifies a hypertext link to an [editorial] comment.
- CORRECTION
- The CORRECTION relationship identifies a hypertext link to an [editorial] correction.
- EXPLANATION
- The EXPLANATION relationship identifies a hypertext link to an [editorial] explanation.
- FOREIGN
- The FOREIGN relationship identifies a hypertext link to a phrase in a foreign language.
- GLYPH
- The GLYPH relationship identifies a hypertext link to a glyph, as the glyph per se.
- INTERPOLATION
- The INTERPOLATION relationship identifies a hypertext link to an [editorial] interpolation.
- SIC
- The SIC relationship identifies a hypertext link to a phrase that has been copied verbatim
with an unusual spelling or other potential flaw.
- SLANG
- The SLANG relationship identifies a hypertext link to a phrase that is slang.
- WORD
- The WORD relationship identifies a hypertext link to a word, as the word per se.
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- Back Matter Relationships
The back matter of a book often consists of an afterword, appendixes,
a glossary, a bilbligraphy, an index, and less commonly a colophon.
- AFTERWORD
- The AFTERWORD relationship identifies a hypertext link to an afterword.
- APP
- APPENDIX
- The APPENDIX relationship identifies a hypertext link to an appendix.
- COLOPHON
- The COLOPHON relationship identifies a hypertext link to a
colophon,
which is used to record and present production information. It has become
an anachronism in print media, but has found increasing internet usage
to record standards compliance and test case links.
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- Glossary Relationships
- GLOSS
- GLOSSARY
- The GLOSSARY relationship identifies a glossary.
- GLOSSTERM
- The GLOSSTERM relationship identifies a hypertext link to a glosary term.
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- Bibliography Relationships
- BIBLIO
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- The BIBLIOGRAPHY relationship identifies a bibliography.
The resource identified by this link may take any form desired
by the author/publisher. A bibliography may be presented as an
HTML document which is organized and presented in a style
reminiscent of a paper-based bibliography. A bibliography may
also be presented as a form-based query into a bibliographic
database.
- BIBENTRY
- BIBLIOENTRY
- The BIBLIOENTRY relationship identifies a bibliographic entry.
BIBLIOENTRY would most typically be specified on an A element,
as it would specify a hypertext link between a citation and a
bibliographic entry describing the citation.
The resource identified by this link may take any form desired
by the author/publisher. A bibliographic entry may be presented
in the style of a paper-based bibliographic entry, or it may be
presented as the result of a database query.
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- Index Relationships
- INDEX
- The INDEX relationship identifies a hypertext link to an index.
- INDEXENTRY
- The INDEXENTRY relationship identifies a hypertext link to an index entry.